BENGALURU: As India’s space ambitions grow, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to establish a third launch pad at its facility in Sriharikota. This development comes as the organization prepares for an expanding range of missions.
ISRO Chairman S. Somanath explained, “Currently, we only have a second launch pad. The first was designed for PSLV and isn’t suitable for GSLV due to its inability to accommodate the cryogenic stage. With the introduction of LVM-3, we modified the second launch pad, which will now also support a semi-cryo stage for human spaceflight missions.”
Somanath highlighted that the second launch pad has undergone numerous upgrades over the last two decades. He emphasized the need for a backup, saying, “If something were to happen to the second launch pad, such as an explosion, we would face a significant setback, halting all GSLV programs.”
The primary purpose of the third launch pad is to provide redundancy. Additionally, ISRO is transitioning to a new design philosophy with the New Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), which will be integrated horizontally and tilted rather than vertically. Somanath noted that the new vehicle will rely more on liquid engine boosters than solid ones, requiring a redesign of the launch pad’s jet deflector. “Stage testing will also occur here instead of at Mahendragiri, making the new launch pad essential,” he added.
Project Director S. Sivakumar explained that the NGLV, a three-stage rocket with a reusable first stage, is necessary due to advancements in technology and the imperative to reduce launch costs. “Current operational vehicles can’t meet future demands. We’re aiming for a 20-ton payload capacity to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), up from LVM-3’s 9.2 tonnes. For Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO), the target is 9 tonnes, compared to the current 4.3 tonnes,” he said.
Regarding recovery and reusability, Somanath acknowledged the complexities involved. “Both options are feasible, but they come with trade-offs. To recover a vehicle, you must slow it down significantly after launch, which requires considerable fuel, ultimately reducing payload capacity.”
Initially, land-based recovery will be the focus due to the high costs and logistical challenges of sea recovery. However, as confidence builds, ISRO may explore sea landings to increase payload capacity.
Sivakumar added that while both vertical and horizontal landing methods are viable for the NGLV’s first stage, a horizontal landing or wing-body vertical landing would be preferable to avoid excessive structural mass.
The National Space Commission has already approved the establishment of the new launch pad at its 153rd meeting, paving the way for the Cabinet’s endorsement of four major space initiatives, including Chandrayaan-4, the NGLV, the Venus Orbiter Mission, and the first module of India’s own space station. ISRO will present the final proposal to the government for approval.
